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Question 1 of 40 Quiz ID: q1

Which of the following best defines a pure substance in thermodynamics?

A substance composed of a single chemical element

A substance with a fixed chemical composition throughout its mass

A substance that exists in only one phase at a given temperature and pressure

A substance that cannot be separated by physical means

Question 2 of 40 Quiz ID: q2

Why is a mixture of liquid water and water vapor considered a pure substance?

Because it is a single chemical compound

Because both phases have the same chemical composition (H₂O)

Because it can be separated by distillation

Because it exists at equilibrium

Question 3 of 40 Quiz ID: q3

What is the key molecular characteristic that distinguishes a solid from a liquid?

Solids have higher energy molecules

Liquids have molecules in a fixed lattice structure

Solids have molecules held in fixed positions by strong intermolecular forces

Liquids have negligible intermolecular forces

Question 4 of 40 Quiz ID: q4

During the phase change from liquid to gas at constant pressure, why does the temperature remain constant?

Because the heat added is used to increase the kinetic energy of the molecules

Because the heat added is used to break intermolecular bonds, not raise temperature

Because the pressure is constant

Because the specific volume decreases

Question 5 of 40 Quiz ID: q5

On a phase diagram, what is the significance of the triple point?

It is the point where sublimation occurs

It is the point where all three phases (solid, liquid, gas) coexist in equilibrium

It is the highest temperature at which a liquid can exist

It is the point where the latent heat of vaporization is zero

Question 6 of 40 Quiz ID: q6

What is the critical point on a phase diagram?

The point where solid and liquid phases become indistinguishable

The point where liquid and gas phases have the same density and become a supercritical fluid

The highest pressure at which a substance can boil

The point where the substance decomposes

Question 7 of 40 Quiz ID: q7

For water at 101.325 kPa, what is the saturation temperature?

0°C

100°C

373.15 K

Both 2 and 3 are correct

Question 8 of 40 Quiz ID: q8

What does the term 'saturated liquid' refer to?

A liquid that is about to freeze

A liquid that is at its boiling point and any addition of heat will cause it to vaporize

A liquid that contains dissolved gases

A liquid at a pressure above its critical pressure

Question 9 of 40 Quiz ID: q9

On a T-v diagram for a pure substance, what does the region under the dome represent?

The superheated vapor region

The compressed liquid region

The saturated liquid-vapor mixture region

The solid phase region

Question 10 of 40 Quiz ID: q10

What is the quality (x) of a saturated mixture?

The ratio of the volume of vapor to the total volume

The ratio of the mass of vapor to the total mass of the mixture

The temperature of the mixture divided by the critical temperature

The pressure of the mixture divided by the critical pressure

Question 11 of 40 Quiz ID: q11

If the specific volume of a saturated liquid is v_f and of a saturated vapor is v_g, what is the specific volume v of a mixture with quality x?

v = v_f + x(v_g)

v = v_f + x(v_g - v_f)

v = x * v_g

v = v_g - x(v_g - v_f)

Question 12 of 40 Quiz ID: q12

In the context of property tables, what does the subscript 'f' denote?

Final state

Saturated vapor state

Saturated liquid state

Frozen state

Question 13 of 40 Quiz ID: q13

What does the subscript 'fg' represent, for example in h_fg?

The property of a superheated vapor

The difference between the saturated vapor and saturated liquid values

The property at the critical point

The property of a compressed liquid

Question 14 of 40 Quiz ID: q14

For water, what is the reference state used in standard steam tables?

Saturated liquid at 0°C and 1 atm

Saturated liquid at 0.01°C and its saturation pressure

Triple point of water

Critical point of water

Question 15 of 40 Quiz ID: q15

Which table would you use to find the properties of water vapor at 200°C and 300 kPa?

Saturated water - Temperature table

Saturated water - Pressure table

Superheated water tables

Compressed liquid water tables

Question 16 of 40 Quiz ID: q16

How can the specific enthalpy of a compressed liquid be approximated if data is not available?

h ≈ h_f @ same pressure

h ≈ h_g @ same temperature

h ≈ h_f @ same temperature

h ≈ u + Pv, calculated using ideal gas law

Question 17 of 40 Quiz ID: q17

A rigid tank contains a saturated water mixture at 80°C with 2 kg liquid and 1 kg vapor. What is the quality (x)?

0.33

0.50

0.67

1.00

Question 18 of 40 Quiz ID: q18

For the mixture in the previous question, what is the pressure inside the tank?

The pressure must be measured

It is equal to the saturation pressure at 80°C

It is less than the saturation pressure at 80°C

It is greater than the saturation pressure at 80°C

Question 19 of 40 Quiz ID: q19

A 0.03 m³ rigid tank contains 12 kg of water at 75 kPa. What is the specific volume of the mixture?

0.0025 m³/kg

0.04 m³/kg

2.5 m³/kg

40 m³/kg

Question 20 of 40 Quiz ID: q20

For the tank in the previous question, what is the state of the water? (Use P_sat @ 75kPa ≈ 91.76°C, v_f ≈ 0.001037 m³/kg, v_g ≈ 2.217 m³/kg)

Compressed liquid, because v < v_f

Saturated mixture, because v_f < v < v_g

Superheated vapor, because v > v_g

At the critical point

Question 21 of 40 Quiz ID: q21

What is the primary purpose of the saturated water - temperature table?

To find properties when pressure is known

To find properties when temperature is known

To find properties of superheated vapor

To find properties of compressed liquid

Question 22 of 40 Quiz ID: q22

What is the primary purpose of the saturated water - pressure table?

To find properties when pressure is known

To find properties when temperature is known

To find properties of superheated vapor

To find properties of compressed liquid

Question 23 of 40 Quiz ID: q23

In a reversible, adiabatic (isentropic) expansion process in a turbine, which property remains constant?

Enthalpy

Internal Energy

Entropy

Pressure

Question 24 of 40 Quiz ID: q24

Steam enters a turbine at 2 MPa and 250°C. What is its state? (T_sat @ 2MPa ≈ 212.4°C)

Saturated liquid

Saturated vapor

Saturated mixture

Superheated vapor

Question 25 of 40 Quiz ID: q25

For a substance that expands upon freezing (like water), how does the slope of the solid-liquid phase boundary on a P-T diagram compare to a substance that contracts on freezing?

It has a positive slope

It has a negative slope

It is vertical

It is horizontal

Question 26 of 40 Quiz ID: q26

What does the term 'supercritical fluid' describe?

A vapor heated above its critical temperature

A liquid compressed above its critical pressure

A state where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist

A solid at very high pressure

Question 27 of 40 Quiz ID: q27

On a P-v diagram, how does the constant-temperature line (isotherm) behave in the superheated vapor region?

It is a horizontal line within the saturation dome

It is a vertical line

It follows the ideal gas law, Pv = constant

It curves steeply downward

Question 28 of 40 Quiz ID: q28

What is the defining characteristic of the saturated vapor line?

Quality x = 0

Quality x = 1

Temperature is constant

Pressure is constant

Question 29 of 40 Quiz ID: q29

The specific volume of a substance is 0.001 m³/kg. This value is most characteristic of which phase?

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Supercritical fluid

Question 30 of 40 Quiz ID: q30

Which process involves a phase change directly from solid to vapor?

Melting

Vaporization

Sublimation

Deposition

Question 31 of 40 Quiz ID: q31

If the specific entropy of water vapor is found to be 7.0 kJ/kg·K, what can be inferred?

It is definitely a saturated vapor

It is definitely a superheated vapor

It could be a saturated or superheated vapor, depending on pressure

It is a compressed liquid

Question 32 of 40 Quiz ID: q32

What is the significance of the value h_fg?

The enthalpy required to melt a solid

The enthalpy required to vaporize a saturated liquid into a saturated vapor

The enthalpy change during superheating

The enthalpy of a compressed liquid

Question 33 of 40 Quiz ID: q33

A process occurs at constant volume in a rigid container. If heat is added to a saturated liquid-vapor mixture, what happens to the pressure?

Pressure decreases

Pressure remains constant

Pressure increases

Pressure first decreases then increases

Question 34 of 40 Quiz ID: q34

Which of these is an intensive property?

Volume

Mass

Quality

Weight

Question 35 of 40 Quiz ID: q35

What is the primary reason property tables are used extensively in thermodynamics?

Equations of state are too simple

Thermodynamic properties are too complex to be expressed by simple equations

They are easier to read than graphs

Computers were not available when thermodynamics was developed

Question 36 of 40 Quiz ID: q36

For a substance at a given pressure, if its temperature is less than T_sat, it is called:

Superheated vapor

Saturated liquid

Compressed (subcooled) liquid

Saturated vapor

Question 37 of 40 Quiz ID: q37

The difference between the enthalpy of a superheated vapor and a saturated vapor at the same pressure represents:

The latent heat of vaporization

The sensible heat added during superheating

The work done during expansion

The internal energy change

Question 38 of 40 Quiz ID: q38

On a P-T diagram, the line separating the solid and vapor phases represents the conditions for:

Melting

Sublimation

Vaporization

Deposition

Question 39 of 40 Quiz ID: q39

What is the state of water at 300°C and 10 MPa? (T_critical = 374°C, P_critical = 22.06 MPa)

Superheated vapor

Saturated liquid

Compressed liquid

Supercritical fluid

Question 40 of 40 Quiz ID: q40

The specific internal energy (u) of a substance is primarily a function of:

Pressure only

Temperature only

Both temperature and pressure

Specific volume only

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