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Question 1 of 60 Quiz ID: q1

What is the primary motivation for using threads in modern applications?

To increase process creation overhead

To simplify code and increase efficiency

To reduce memory usage

To eliminate the need for synchronization

Question 2 of 60 Quiz ID: q2

What is the main difference between a process and a thread?

Processes share memory, threads do not

Threads are heavier-weight than processes

A process contains multiple threads which share resources

Threads have their own address space

Question 3 of 60 Quiz ID: q3

In a multithreaded server architecture, what happens after a request is received?

The server process terminates

A new process is created to handle the request

A new thread is created to service the request

The request is ignored

Question 4 of 60 Quiz ID: q4

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of multithreading?

Responsiveness

Resource Sharing

Economy

Increased security

Question 5 of 60 Quiz ID: q5

What does 'economy' refer to in the context of threads?

Reduced memory usage

Cheaper creation and switching compared to processes

Faster execution speed

Lower power consumption

Question 6 of 60 Quiz ID: q6

What is the difference between parallelism and concurrency?

They are identical concepts

Parallelism requires multiple cores, concurrency does not

Concurrency requires multiple cores, parallelism does not

Parallelism is for processes, concurrency is for threads

Question 7 of 60 Quiz ID: q7

What is data parallelism?

Distributing different tasks across cores

Distributing subsets of the same data across cores for identical operations

Processing data sequentially

Using different algorithms on the same data

Question 8 of 60 Quiz ID: q8

What is task parallelism?

Distributing identical tasks across cores

Distributing different tasks or operations across cores

Processing tasks sequentially

Using the same algorithm on different data

Question 9 of 60 Quiz ID: q9

According to Amdahl's Law, what limits the speedup from adding more cores?

The parallel portion of the application

The serial portion of the application

The clock speed of the cores

The amount of memory available

Question 10 of 60 Quiz ID: q10

What are user threads?

Threads managed by the operating system kernel

Threads managed by a user-level threads library

Threads created by the root user

Threads that perform user interface operations

Question 11 of 60 Quiz ID: q11

What are kernel threads?

Threads managed by a user-level library

Threads managed by the operating system kernel

Threads that only run kernel code

Threads with elevated privileges

Question 12 of 60 Quiz ID: q12

Which multithreading model maps many user threads to a single kernel thread?

One-to-One

Many-to-Many

Many-to-One

Two-level

Question 13 of 60 Quiz ID: q13

What is a disadvantage of the Many-to-One model?

It requires too many kernel resources

If one thread blocks, all threads block

It doesn't support multithreading

It only works on single-core systems

Question 14 of 60 Quiz ID: q14

Which multithreading model maps each user thread to a kernel thread?

Many-to-One

One-to-One

Many-to-Many

Two-level

Question 15 of 60 Quiz ID: q15

Which operating systems typically use the One-to-One model?

Solaris Green Threads

GNU Portable Threads

Windows and Linux

Traditional UNIX systems

Question 16 of 60 Quiz ID: q16

What is the Two-level model?

A variant of Many-to-Many that allows binding user threads to kernel threads

A model with two user threads per kernel thread

A model with two kernel threads per user thread

A model that only uses two threads total

Question 17 of 60 Quiz ID: q17

What is Pthreads?

A Windows-specific thread API

A Java thread implementation

A POSIX standard API for thread creation and synchronization

A hardware threading technology

Question 18 of 60 Quiz ID: q18

In Pthreads, what does pthread_create() do?

Terminates a thread

Creates a new thread

Synchronizes threads

Sets thread attributes

Question 19 of 60 Quiz ID: q19

In Pthreads, what does pthread_join() do?

Creates a thread

Waits for a thread to terminate

Cancels a thread

Sets thread priority

Question 20 of 60 Quiz ID: q20

How are Java threads typically created?

By extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface

By calling the create_thread() system call

By using the pthread library

By using Windows API calls

Question 21 of 60 Quiz ID: q21

What is the Executor framework in Java?

A low-level thread manipulation API

A framework for creating and managing thread pools

A hardware execution unit

A process scheduling algorithm

Question 22 of 60 Quiz ID: q22

What is implicit threading?

Threads that are invisible to the programmer

Thread creation and management done by compilers and runtime libraries

Threads that are created automatically by the kernel

Threads that cannot be controlled by the programmer

Question 23 of 60 Quiz ID: q23

What is a thread pool?

A collection of processes

A set of precreated threads that await work

A memory area for thread stacks

A pool of processor cores

Question 24 of 60 Quiz ID: q24

What are the advantages of thread pools?

They eliminate the need for synchronization

They allow unlimited thread creation

They are faster than creating new threads for each task and allow bounding thread numbers

They make all threads run at higher priority

Question 25 of 60 Quiz ID: q25

What is fork-join parallelism?

A model where threads are forked but never joined

A model where tasks are recursively split (forked) and then combined (joined)

A model where processes are forked instead of threads

A model that only works on UNIX systems

Question 26 of 60 Quiz ID: q26

In Java's fork-join framework, what is the difference between RecursiveTask and RecursiveAction?

RecursiveTask returns a result, RecursiveAction does not

RecursiveAction returns a result, RecursiveTask does not

RecursiveTask is for I/O operations, RecursiveAction is for computation

There is no difference

Question 27 of 60 Quiz ID: q27

What is OpenMP?

A Java threading API

A set of compiler directives and API for parallel programming

A Windows thread management tool

A hardware feature for parallelism

Question 28 of 60 Quiz ID: q28

What is Grand Central Dispatch (GCD)?

A Windows threading technology

A Java executor service

Apple's technology for macOS and iOS parallelism

A Linux kernel threading feature

Question 29 of 60 Quiz ID: q29

What are the two types of dispatch queues in GCD?

Fast and slow queues

User and kernel queues

Serial and concurrent queues

Input and output queues

Question 30 of 60 Quiz ID: q30

What is Intel Threading Building Blocks (TBB)?

A hardware threading feature

A template library for parallel C++ programming

A Java threading framework

A Windows thread pool implementation

Question 31 of 60 Quiz ID: q31

What is a threading issue related to fork() and exec()?

Whether fork() duplicates all threads or just the calling thread

Whether exec() creates new threads

Whether fork() and exec() can be called from threads

Whether threads can exist after exec()

Question 32 of 60 Quiz ID: q32

How are signals typically handled in multithreaded programs?

Signals are always delivered to all threads

Signals are always delivered to the main thread only

Different strategies exist: deliver to specific thread, all threads, or certain threads

Signals cannot be used in multithreaded programs

Question 33 of 60 Quiz ID: q33

What is thread cancellation?

Creating a new thread

Terminating a thread before it has finished

Suspending a thread temporarily

Changing thread priority

Question 34 of 60 Quiz ID: q34

What is the difference between asynchronous and deferred cancellation?

Asynchronous is immediate, deferred allows the thread to check for cancellation

Deferred is immediate, asynchronous allows the thread to check

They are identical

Asynchronous is for user threads, deferred is for kernel threads

Question 35 of 60 Quiz ID: q35

What is thread-local storage (TLS)?

Storage shared by all threads in a process

Storage that is unique to each thread

Storage for thread control blocks

Storage for thread stacks

Question 36 of 60 Quiz ID: q36

What is the purpose of scheduler activations?

To activate the scheduler more frequently

To provide communication between kernel and thread library for maintaining appropriate kernel threads

To schedule threads at higher priority

To deactivate threads temporarily

Question 37 of 60 Quiz ID: q37

What is an LWP (Lightweight Process)?

A thread with minimal memory usage

A user-level thread

A virtual processor on which a user thread can be scheduled

A kernel thread with reduced privileges

Question 38 of 60 Quiz ID: q38

How does Windows implement threads?

Many-to-One model

Many-to-Many model

One-to-One model

User-level threads only

Question 39 of 60 Quiz ID: q39

What does the ETHREAD structure contain in Windows?

User-mode stack and thread-local storage

Scheduling and synchronization information

Pointer to the process and to KTHREAD

Kernel stack information

Question 40 of 60 Quiz ID: q40

What does the TEB (Thread Environment Block) contain in Windows?

Kernel scheduling information

Thread ID, user-mode stack, and thread-local storage

Pointer to the process

Kernel stack pointer

Question 41 of 60 Quiz ID: q41

How does Linux refer to threads?

As processes

As tasks

As LWPs

As fibers

Question 42 of 60 Quiz ID: q42

How are threads created in Linux?

Using the pthread_create() function

Using the fork() system call

Using the clone() system call

Using the thread_create() system call

Question 43 of 60 Quiz ID: q43

What does the CLONE_VM flag indicate in Linux's clone()?

File system information is shared

The same memory space is shared

Signal handlers are shared

Open files are shared

Question 44 of 60 Quiz ID: q44

What is the main challenge of multicore programming?

Dividing activities and balancing work across cores

Creating enough threads

Eliminating all serial code

Making threads run faster

Question 45 of 60 Quiz ID: q45

What does the term 'scalability' refer to in multithreading?

The ability to create very large threads

The ability to take advantage of multicore architectures

The ability to reduce memory usage

The ability to handle large files

Question 46 of 60 Quiz ID: q46

In the Many-to-Many model, what is the advantage?

It requires no kernel support

It allows the OS to create a sufficient number of kernel threads

It eliminates the need for user-level threads

It is the simplest model to implement

Question 47 of 60 Quiz ID: q47

What is a 'block' in Grand Central Dispatch?

A memory allocation unit

A synchronization primitive

A unit of work enclosed in ^{} syntax

A thread barrier

Question 48 of 60 Quiz ID: q48

What is the default cancellation type in Pthreads?

Asynchronous cancellation

Deferred cancellation

No cancellation

Immediate cancellation

Question 49 of 60 Quiz ID: q49

What is a 'cancellation point' in deferred cancellation?

A point where the thread cannot be canceled

A point where the thread checks if it should be canceled

A point where the thread automatically terminates

A point where the thread changes priority

Question 50 of 60 Quiz ID: q50

How does Java implement thread cancellation?

Using the stop() method

Using the cancel() method

Using the interrupt() method

Using the terminate() method

Question 51 of 60 Quiz ID: q51

What is the relationship between user threads and kernel threads in the One-to-One model?

Many user threads to one kernel thread

One user thread to one kernel thread

One user thread to many kernel threads

Many user threads to many kernel threads

Question 52 of 60 Quiz ID: q52

What is the purpose of the pthread_exit() function?

To create a thread

To terminate the calling thread

To join a thread

To cancel a thread

Question 53 of 60 Quiz ID: q53

What is the difference between extending Thread and implementing Runnable in Java?

Extending Thread is more memory efficient

Implementing Runnable allows the class to extend another class

Extending Thread provides better performance

There is no difference

Question 54 of 60 Quiz ID: q54

What is the key characteristic of a serial dispatch queue in GCD?

Tasks are executed in random order

Tasks are executed in parallel

Tasks are executed in FIFO order, one at a time

Tasks are executed based on priority only

Question 55 of 60 Quiz ID: q55

What is the key characteristic of a concurrent dispatch queue in GCD?

Tasks are executed in random order

Tasks are executed in FIFO order, but multiple tasks may execute concurrently

Tasks are executed one at a time

Tasks are executed based on priority only

Question 56 of 60 Quiz ID: q56

What does the term 'upcall' refer to in scheduler activations?

A call from user space to kernel space

A call from kernel space to user space

A call between user-level threads

A call between kernel threads

Question 57 of 60 Quiz ID: q57

What is the main advantage of the One-to-One model?

It requires no kernel support

It provides more concurrency than Many-to-One

It is simpler to implement

It uses less memory

Question 58 of 60 Quiz ID: q58

What is the main disadvantage of the One-to-One model?

It limits concurrency

It requires more kernel resources, limiting the number of threads

It is more complex to program

It only works on single-core systems

Question 59 of 60 Quiz ID: q59

What is the purpose of the clone() system call in Linux?

To create a new process

To create a new thread with control over what is shared

To clone a file descriptor

To duplicate memory

Question 60 of 60 Quiz ID: q60

What does the CLONE_FILES flag indicate in Linux's clone()?

File system information is shared

The same memory space is shared

Signal handlers are shared

The set of open files is shared

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