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Question 1 of 60 Quiz ID: q1

Which of the following components is NOT part of a process's memory layout?

Text section

Stack

Program counter

Heap

Question 2 of 60 Quiz ID: q2

What happens during a context switch?

The CPU switches from user mode to kernel mode

The state of the current process is saved and the state of the next process is loaded

A process creates a new child process

A process terminates and releases all its resources

Question 3 of 60 Quiz ID: q3

In process scheduling, what is the main purpose of the ready queue?

To hold processes waiting for I/O operations to complete

To store processes that have terminated but haven't been cleaned up

To maintain processes that are ready to execute but waiting for CPU time

To keep track of all processes currently executing on the CPU

Question 4 of 60 Quiz ID: q4

What is a zombie process?

A process that has terminated but whose parent has not yet called wait()

A process that is running but not responding to signals

A process that has been terminated by the operating system due to excessive resource usage

A process that has no parent process (init becomes its parent)

Question 5 of 60 Quiz ID: q5

In the producer-consumer problem with bounded buffer, why can only BUFFER_SIZE-1 elements be used?

To avoid race conditions between producer and consumer

To distinguish between full and empty buffer states

One buffer space is reserved for the operating system

The counter variable requires one buffer space for synchronization

Question 6 of 60 Quiz ID: q6

What is the main difference between ordinary pipes and named pipes?

Ordinary pipes are bidirectional while named pipes are unidirectional

Named pipes require a parent-child relationship while ordinary pipes do not

Ordinary pipes can be used over a network while named pipes cannot

Named pipes can be accessed by unrelated processes while ordinary pipes require a parent-child relationship

Question 7 of 60 Quiz ID: q7

In message passing IPC, what is a rendezvous?

When two processes share a common mailbox

When both send and receive operations are blocking

When messages are temporarily cached in a queue

When a link is associated with exactly two processes

Question 8 of 60 Quiz ID: q8

What is the purpose of the Mach port mechanism?

To provide hardware-level memory protection

To enable message-based communication between tasks

To implement virtual memory management

To schedule processes on multiple CPUs

Question 9 of 60 Quiz ID: q9

In RPC systems, what is the function of the stub?

To allocate memory for the remote procedure

To marshal parameters and locate the server

To authenticate the client to the server

To encrypt the communication between client and server

Question 10 of 60 Quiz ID: q10

What problem does the External Data Representation (XDR) format solve in RPC?

Network latency issues

Different data representations across architectures

Security vulnerabilities in remote calls

Memory allocation in distributed systems

Question 11 of 60 Quiz ID: q11

In Android's process importance hierarchy, which process type is most likely to be terminated when memory is needed?

Foreground process

Visible process

Service process

Empty process

Question 12 of 60 Quiz ID: q12

What is the primary advantage of Chrome's multiprocess architecture?

Faster webpage loading

Improved security and stability

Reduced memory usage

Better compatibility with web standards

Question 13 of 60 Quiz ID: q13

In the Windows CreateProcess API, what is the purpose of the STARTUPINFO structure?

To specify security attributes for the new process

To define the window station, desktop, standard handles, and appearance of the main window

To set the priority class of the new process

To determine the memory allocation for the new process

Question 14 of 60 Quiz ID: q14

What is cascading termination?

When a process terminates all its child processes before exiting

When the operating system terminates a process and all its descendants

When multiple processes terminate simultaneously due to a system error

When a parent process waits for all children to terminate before exiting

Question 15 of 60 Quiz ID: q15

In POSIX shared memory, what is the purpose of the shm_open() function?

To allocate physical memory for a process

To create or open a shared memory object

To map shared memory into a process's address space

To synchronize access to shared memory

Question 16 of 60 Quiz ID: q16

What is the main difference between shared memory and message passing IPC?

Shared memory is faster but requires explicit synchronization

Message passing is faster but uses more memory

Shared memory works only between related processes

Message passing is implemented in hardware while shared memory is software-based

Question 17 of 60 Quiz ID: q17

In a socket communication, what does the port number 127.0.0.1:6013 represent?

A remote server on the internet

A loopback connection to the local system

A broadcast address for the local network

A reserved port for system services

Question 18 of 60 Quiz ID: q18

What is the race condition demonstrated in the producer-consumer example with a counter?

Both processes might try to access the buffer simultaneously

The counter might not reflect the actual number of items in the buffer

The producer might overwrite unconsumed items

The consumer might try to read from an empty buffer

Question 19 of 60 Quiz ID: q19

In indirect communication with mailboxes, what problem arises when multiple processes share a mailbox?

Messages might be delivered to the wrong process

The mailbox might become corrupted

It's unclear which process should receive a message

Messages might be lost if the mailbox is full

Question 20 of 60 Quiz ID: q20

What is the purpose of the mmap() function in POSIX shared memory?

To create a shared memory object

To set the size of a shared memory object

To map a shared memory object into the process's address space

To synchronize access to shared memory

Question 21 of 60 Quiz ID: q21

In the process state diagram, what transition occurs when an I/O or event wait completes?

Waiting → Running

Waiting → Ready

Ready → Running

Running → Waiting

Question 22 of 60 Quiz ID: q22

What information is typically stored in a Process Control Block (PCB)?

The entire program code and data

Process state, program counter, CPU registers, and scheduling information

Only the process ID and parent process ID

The contents of all files opened by the process

Question 23 of 60 Quiz ID: q23

Why is context switch time considered overhead?

It requires privileged kernel mode operations

The CPU is not doing useful work during the switch

It consumes significant memory resources

It causes cache misses and pipeline stalls

Question 24 of 60 Quiz ID: q24

In mobile systems like iOS, what distinguishes a foreground process from a background process?

Foreground processes have higher priority

Foreground processes are controlled via the user interface

Background processes cannot perform I/O operations

Foreground processes have access to more memory

Question 25 of 60 Quiz ID: q25

What is the main purpose of the wait() system call?

To pause a process for a specified time interval

To wait for a child process to terminate

To wait for an I/O operation to complete

To wait for a signal from another process

Question 26 of 60 Quiz ID: q26

In the process creation hierarchy, what is the typical relationship between parent and child processes regarding resources?

Children always inherit all of their parent's resources

Children never inherit any of their parent's resources

The resource sharing depends on the options specified during process creation

Children inherit resources but cannot share them with the parent

Question 27 of 60 Quiz ID: q27

What is the significance of the init process (pid = 1) in Unix-like systems?

It is the first process started by the kernel

It has the highest priority in the system

It manages all hardware devices

It handles all user authentication

Question 28 of 60 Quiz ID: q28

In the producer-consumer problem, what is the difference between bounded-buffer and unbounded-buffer approaches?

Bounded-buffer has limited size while unbounded-buffer has practically unlimited size

Bounded-buffer requires synchronization while unbounded-buffer does not

Unbounded-buffer is faster but less reliable

Bounded-buffer works only with shared memory while unbounded-buffer works with message passing

Question 29 of 60 Quiz ID: q29

What is the purpose of the exec() system call in Unix process creation?

To create a new process

To replace the current process's memory space with a new program

To execute a function in a separate thread

To change the priority of a process

Question 30 of 60 Quiz ID: q30

In message passing, what is the difference between direct and indirect communication?

Direct communication uses shared memory while indirect uses messages

Direct communication requires processes to name each other explicitly

Indirect communication is faster but less reliable

Direct communication works only between related processes

Question 31 of 60 Quiz ID: q31

What is the main advantage of using sockets for interprocess communication?

They provide the fastest communication method

They can be used for communication between processes on different systems

They require no synchronization mechanisms

They are implemented entirely in hardware for better performance

Question 32 of 60 Quiz ID: q32

In the Windows LPC mechanism, what is the purpose of the connection port?

To establish the initial connection between client and server

To transfer large amounts of data between processes

To provide security authentication for interprocess communication

To manage memory allocation for message passing

Question 33 of 60 Quiz ID: q33

What problem does the 'dining philosophers problem' illustrate in interprocess communication?

Race conditions in shared memory access

Deadlock in resource allocation

Message passing bottlenecks

Memory fragmentation in process creation

Question 34 of 60 Quiz ID: q34

In Android, what is the role of a service in background processing?

To provide a user interface for background tasks

To perform tasks that can continue even if the background process is suspended

To manage all background processes in the system

To allocate memory resources for background activities

Question 35 of 60 Quiz ID: q35

What is the purpose of the mach_msg() function in the Mach operating system?

To allocate memory for message passing

To create and manage ports for communication

To send and receive messages through ports

To synchronize access to shared resources

Question 36 of 60 Quiz ID: q36

In the context of process scheduling, what is the dispatcher?

The module that selects which process to execute next

The module that performs the context switch

The queue that holds waiting processes

The algorithm that determines process priorities

Question 37 of 60 Quiz ID: q37

What is the main challenge in implementing remote procedure calls (RPC)?

Making remote calls appear as local procedure calls

Ensuring all systems use the same programming language

Preventing unauthorized access to remote procedures

Managing network bandwidth consumption

Question 38 of 60 Quiz ID: q38

In the Chrome browser architecture, what is the purpose of the renderer process?

To manage the user interface and window

To render web pages and execute JavaScript

To handle network communications

To manage browser plugins and extensions

Question 39 of 60 Quiz ID: q39

What is the significance of well-known ports (below 1024) in socket programming?

They provide better security than higher-numbered ports

They are reserved for standard services like HTTP (80) and FTP (21)

They offer faster communication than higher-numbered ports

They are required for communication between different networks

Question 40 of 60 Quiz ID: q40

In the process state model, what causes a transition from Running to Ready state?

An I/O request

A timer interrupt

Process termination

Completion of an I/O operation

Question 41 of 60 Quiz ID: q41

What is the purpose of the ftruncate() function in POSIX shared memory?

To create a shared memory object

To set the size of a shared memory object

To map shared memory into process address space

To remove a shared memory object

Question 42 of 60 Quiz ID: q42

In message passing with bounded capacity, what happens when the link is full?

The oldest message is overwritten

The sender receives an error code

The sender blocks until space is available

The message is temporarily stored in swap space

Question 43 of 60 Quiz ID: q43

What is the main advantage of using multi-threaded processes over multiple single-threaded processes?

Threads provide better security isolation

Threads within a process can share resources more efficiently

Threads are easier to program and debug

Threads have independent memory protection

Question 44 of 60 Quiz ID: q44

In the Windows API, what is the purpose of the WaitForSingleObject() function in process management?

To wait for a process to be created

To wait for a process to terminate

To wait for a mutex to be released

To wait for an I/O operation to complete

Question 45 of 60 Quiz ID: q45

What is the role of the matchmaker in RPC systems?

To encrypt communication between client and server

To balance load across multiple servers

To connect clients with appropriate server ports

To authenticate users before allowing remote calls

Question 46 of 60 Quiz ID: q46

In the process creation sequence using fork() and exec(), what is unique about the child process immediately after fork()?

It has a different program counter than the parent

It is an exact duplicate of the parent process

It has no access to parent's open files

It runs with higher priority than the parent

Question 47 of 60 Quiz ID: q47

What is the main purpose of the 'sandbox' in Chrome's renderer processes?

To provide a testing environment for web developers

To restrict disk and network I/O for security

To isolate JavaScript execution from HTML rendering

To manage memory allocation for web content

Question 48 of 60 Quiz ID: q48

In direct communication, what is a limitation of the communication link?

It can only be used for unidirectional communication

It is associated with exactly one pair of communicating processes

It has a fixed maximum message size

It requires a parent-child relationship between processes

Question 49 of 60 Quiz ID: q49

What is the significance of the program counter in process context?

It determines the process's priority level

It indicates the next instruction to execute when the process resumes

It tracks the amount of CPU time used by the process

It stores the process's memory allocation boundaries

Question 50 of 60 Quiz ID: q50

In the producer-consumer problem with message passing, what synchronization is required?

Explicit synchronization using semaphores or mutexes

Synchronization is handled automatically by the message queue

The producer and consumer must coordinate their execution times

The operating system must mediate all message exchanges

Question 51 of 60 Quiz ID: q51

What is the purpose of the shm_unlink() function in POSIX shared memory?

To unmap shared memory from a process's address space

To remove a shared memory object

To decrease the size of a shared memory object

To synchronize access to shared memory

Question 52 of 60 Quiz ID: q52

In process termination, what is the difference between exit() and abort()?

exit() terminates gracefully while abort() terminates immediately

exit() can only be called by the parent process

abort() allows resource cleanup while exit() does not

exit() works only for child processes

Question 53 of 60 Quiz ID: q53

What is the main advantage of using message passing over shared memory for IPC?

Message passing is generally faster

Message passing avoids synchronization issues

Message passing uses less memory

Message passing works better for large data transfers

Question 54 of 60 Quiz ID: q54

In the Windows LPC mechanism, what is the purpose of the shared section object?

To establish the initial connection

To transfer large messages (>256 bytes) efficiently

To provide security authentication

To manage port allocation

Question 55 of 60 Quiz ID: q55

What is the role of the kernel port in Mach task creation?

To handle all system calls for the task

To manage memory allocation for the task

To provide communication with the kernel

To schedule the task's threads

Question 56 of 60 Quiz ID: q56

In the context of process scheduling, what is the main goal of process scheduling?

To maximize CPU utilization while providing reasonable response time

To minimize memory usage across all processes

To ensure all processes get exactly equal CPU time

To prioritize system processes over user processes

Question 57 of 60 Quiz ID: q57

What is the purpose of the time_slice field in Linux's task_struct?

To track the total CPU time used by the process

To determine how long the process can run before being preempted

To record when the process was last scheduled

To set the process's priority level

Question 58 of 60 Quiz ID: q58

In the Chrome multiprocess architecture, what is the role of the browser process?

To render web pages and execute JavaScript

To manage plugins and extensions

To manage the user interface, disk, and network I/O

To provide a sandboxed environment for web content

Question 59 of 60 Quiz ID: q59

What is the significance of the 'counter' variable in the producer-consumer problem with full buffer utilization?

It tracks the number of items in the buffer

It determines the producer's execution speed

It synchronizes access to the buffer

It prevents buffer overflow

Question 60 of 60 Quiz ID: q60

In RPC, what is the purpose of marshalling parameters?

To encrypt parameters for secure transmission

To compress parameters to reduce network traffic

To convert parameters into a standard format for transmission

To validate parameters before remote execution

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