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Question 1 of 60 Quiz ID: q1

What is the primary purpose of a Personal Area Network (PAN)?

To connect devices within a large campus

To connect devices and peripherals within a few meters

To provide internet access across a metropolitan area

To interconnect multiple organizations globally

Question 2 of 60 Quiz ID: q2

In a bus topology, what is the function of a terminator?

To amplify signals for long-distance transmission

To connect multiple buses together

To absorb signals and remove them from the bus

To convert digital signals to analog

Question 3 of 60 Quiz ID: q3

What is a key characteristic of ring topology?

It uses a central hub for all communications

It employs unidirectional transmission through repeaters in a closed loop

It allows bidirectional communication simultaneously

It requires no special hardware for connection

Question 4 of 60 Quiz ID: q4

In star topology, how do stations typically communicate with each other?

Directly without any intermediary

Through a central node such as a hub or switch

Via wireless access points only

Using infrared connections

Question 5 of 60 Quiz ID: q5

Which factor is NOT typically considered when choosing a network topology?

Cost

Reliability

Brand popularity of equipment

Expandability

Question 6 of 60 Quiz ID: q6

What is the primary purpose of network protocols?

To increase the physical size of the network

To provide rules for how stations begin and proceed with communication

To reduce the cost of network equipment

To limit the number of devices on a network

Question 7 of 60 Quiz ID: q7

What is a fundamental problem that multiple access protocols need to solve?

How to increase the physical range of the network

How to reduce the cost of network interface cards

How to determine when nodes can transmit on a shared channel

How to convert analog signals to digital

Question 8 of 60 Quiz ID: q8

Which characteristic is NOT part of an ideal multiple access protocol?

When one node wants to transmit, it can send at rate R

When M nodes want to transmit, each can send at average rate R/M

Requires a special node to coordinate all transmissions

Fully decentralized with no synchronization needed

Question 9 of 60 Quiz ID: q9

What is the main principle behind TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)?

Dividing the channel into frequency bands

Using unique codes for each transmission

Allocating fixed time slots to each node in rotation

Allowing random transmission with collision detection

Question 10 of 60 Quiz ID: q10

How does FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) work?

It assigns unique time slots to each node

It divides the channel spectrum into frequency bands for each station

It uses special codes to differentiate transmissions

It allows random access with priority levels

Question 11 of 60 Quiz ID: q11

What is a key characteristic of random access protocols?

They require centralized control

They use predetermined time slots for each node

They allow collisions and specify how to recover from them

They assign unique frequency bands to each node

Question 12 of 60 Quiz ID: q12

What does CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) require nodes to do before transmitting?

Check if the channel is idle by listening first

Send a request to a central controller

Wait for a specific time slot assigned to them

Encode the data with a unique frequency

Question 13 of 60 Quiz ID: q13

Why can collisions still occur in CSMA despite carrier sensing?

Because nodes intentionally collide to test the network

Because propagation delay means nodes may not hear each other's transmission

Because the protocol requires occasional collisions for calibration

Because all nodes are assigned the same frequency band

Question 14 of 60 Quiz ID: q14

What is the key advantage of CSMA/CD over basic CSMA?

It uses less power for transmission

It allows for longer frame sizes

It detects collisions quickly and aborts transmissions, reducing channel wastage

It doesn't require carrier sensing

Question 15 of 60 Quiz ID: q15

In polling MAC protocols, what is a primary concern?

High power consumption

Single point of failure (if master node fails)

Inability to handle large frames

Limited to only two nodes

Question 16 of 60 Quiz ID: q16

What is a limitation of token passing MAC protocols?

They cannot work with wired networks

They require expensive specialized hardware

They have token overhead and latency issues

They only work with wireless networks

Question 17 of 60 Quiz ID: q17

How are cable access networks typically structured for upstream communication?

All users have dedicated upstream channels

Users contend for certain upstream channel time slots

Only one user can transmit upstream at any time

Upstream communication is not supported

Question 18 of 60 Quiz ID: q18

What is the fundamental difference between CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA?

CSMA/CD is for wireless, CSMA/CA is for wired networks

CSMA/CD uses collision detection, CSMA/CA uses collision avoidance

CSMA/CD is slower but more reliable

CSMA/CA doesn't require carrier sensing

Question 19 of 60 Quiz ID: q19

What is the purpose of a MAC address?

To identify a device on the global internet

To provide a network-layer address for interface

To get a frame from one interface to another physically-connected interface on the same network

To encrypt data for secure transmission

Question 20 of 60 Quiz ID: q20

How are MAC addresses typically represented?

As 32-bit decimal numbers

As 48-bit hexadecimal numbers

As 64-bit binary numbers

As 128-bit ASCII strings

Question 21 of 60 Quiz ID: q21

Which IEEE standard specifies Ethernet?

IEEE 802.2

IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.4

IEEE 802.5

Question 22 of 60 Quiz ID: q22

In the IEEE 802 reference model, what is the primary function of the Physical Layer?

Assemble data into frames with address fields

Perform error detection on received frames

Encode/decode signals and handle bit transmission/reception

Provide interface to higher layers

Question 23 of 60 Quiz ID: q23

Why was the Data Link Layer sub-layered into MAC and LLC in the IEEE 802 model?

To make the protocol more expensive to implement

To accommodate shared access to medium not found in traditional Layer 2

To reduce compatibility between different manufacturers

To eliminate the need for physical layer specifications

Question 24 of 60 Quiz ID: q24

What is the purpose of the preamble in an Ethernet frame?

To carry the destination MAC address

To synchronize receiver and sender clock rates

To perform error detection on the frame

To indicate the higher layer protocol

Question 25 of 60 Quiz ID: q25

How does an Ethernet adapter handle a frame with a non-matching destination address?

It forwards the frame to all other nodes

It passes the data to network layer regardless

It discards the frame

It sends a acknowledgment to the sender

Question 26 of 60 Quiz ID: q26

What does the 'type' field in an Ethernet frame indicate?

The manufacturer of the network interface card

The physical cable type being used

The higher layer protocol (e.g., IP, IPX, AppleTalk)

The encryption method used for the data

Question 27 of 60 Quiz ID: q27

Why is Ethernet considered 'unreliable'?

It frequently drops packets even without errors

Receiving NICs don't send ACKs or NACKs to sending NICs

It cannot detect transmission errors

It uses outdated hardware technology

Question 28 of 60 Quiz ID: q28

What is Ethernet's MAC protocol?

Slotted ALOHA

Token passing

Unslotted CSMA/CD with binary backoff

FDMA with priority scheduling

Question 29 of 60 Quiz ID: q29

What was the original inspiration for the name 'Ethernet'?

The ethernet cable connector shape

The inventor's last name

The imaginary substance 'ether' believed to be the medium for light

The company that first commercialized it

Question 30 of 60 Quiz ID: q30

How has Ethernet evolved physically from its original design?

From star to bus topology

From bus to star topology

From ring to mesh topology

From wireless to wired implementation

Question 31 of 60 Quiz ID: q31

What is the key difference between traditional bus Ethernet and modern star Ethernet?

Bus Ethernet is faster than star Ethernet

In bus topology, all nodes are in the same collision domain

Star topology requires more expensive cables

Bus topology has better performance for large networks

Question 32 of 60 Quiz ID: q32

Which of these is NOT a typical characteristic considered when choosing network topology?

Cost

Reliability

Brand color of equipment

Expandability

Question 33 of 60 Quiz ID: q33

What problem does the 'tap' device solve in bus topology?

It prevents electrical surges from damaging equipment

It allows stations to attach to the bus communication line

It converts between different cable types

It encrypts data on the bus

Question 34 of 60 Quiz ID: q34

In ring topology, how is data typically removed from the network?

By the destination station after reading it

By a special purge station at the end of the ring

By the source station after full circulation

It remains circulating indefinitely

Question 35 of 60 Quiz ID: q35

What is a significant advantage of star topology over bus topology?

It uses less cable overall

Failure of one connection doesn't affect other stations

It doesn't require any special hardware

It has higher theoretical maximum speed

Question 36 of 60 Quiz ID: q36

Which statement about CSMA/CD is correct?

It eliminates collisions completely

It is particularly well-suited for wireless networks

It is used in Ethernet networks

It requires a central controller to manage access

Question 37 of 60 Quiz ID: q37

What is the purpose of the binary backoff algorithm in Ethernet?

To encrypt data for security

To determine wait time after a collision before retransmission

To compress data for more efficient transmission

To convert binary data to analog signals

Question 38 of 60 Quiz ID: q38

Why is collision detection difficult in wireless LANs?

Wireless signals travel too slowly

Received signal strength is overwhelmed by local transmission strength

Wireless equipment cannot measure signal strengths

Wireless protocols prohibit collision detection

Question 39 of 60 Quiz ID: q39

What is the primary function of the LLC (Logical Link Control) sublayer?

To manage access to the physical medium

To provide an interface to higher layers and perform flow/error control

To encode signals for transmission

To assign MAC addresses to devices

Question 40 of 60 Quiz ID: q40

What is the significance of the CRC field in an Ethernet frame?

It contains the destination MAC address

It is used for clock synchronization

It provides error detection through cyclic redundancy check

It indicates the frame priority level

Question 41 of 60 Quiz ID: q41

How does Gigabit Ethernet primarily differ from Fast Ethernet in terms of access method?

Gigabit Ethernet uses CSMA/CD while Fast Ethernet uses polling

Fast Ethernet uses CSMA/CD while Gigabit Ethernet typically uses switching

Both use exactly the same access method

Gigabit Ethernet uses token passing while Fast Ethernet uses CSMA/CA

Question 42 of 60 Quiz ID: q42

What is a key reason for Ethernet's dominance in LAN technology?

It is more secure than alternatives

It has the highest theoretical speed possible

It is simpler and cheaper than token LANs and ATM

It was developed by a government agency with mandatory adoption

Question 43 of 60 Quiz ID: q43

In the context of Ethernet, what does 'connectionless' mean?

No physical connection is required between devices

No handshaking occurs between sending and receiving NICs

The network can operate without cables

Devices can connect without authentication

Question 44 of 60 Quiz ID: q44

What happens to corrupted Ethernet frames at the receiver?

They are automatically retransmitted by the receiver

They are forwarded to a special error-correction server

They are dropped and not acknowledged

They are repaired using error correction codes

Question 45 of 60 Quiz ID: q45

Which organization is responsible for standardizing Ethernet?

ISO

IEEE

IETF

ITU

Question 46 of 60 Quiz ID: q46

What is the primary purpose of the MAC sublayer?

To provide interface to applications

To govern access to the LAN transmission media

To perform signal encoding and decoding

To route packets between different networks

Question 47 of 60 Quiz ID: q47

How does a network interface card typically obtain its MAC address?

It is assigned by the network administrator

It is dynamically assigned by a DHCP server

It is burned into the NIC ROM during manufacturing

It is generated randomly each time the computer boots

Question 48 of 60 Quiz ID: q48

What is the main advantage of token passing protocols over random access protocols?

They provide deterministic access without collisions

They are simpler to implement

They require less expensive hardware

They have higher data rates

Question 49 of 60 Quiz ID: q49

Why was Ethernet's original bus topology eventually largely replaced by star topology?

Bus topology cables became too expensive

Star topology provides better fault isolation and performance

Bus topology couldn't support TCP/IP protocol

Government regulations prohibited bus topology

Question 50 of 60 Quiz ID: q50

What is the relationship between IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet?

They are competing standards from different organizations

IEEE 802.3 is the standardized version of Ethernet

Ethernet is the wireless version of IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.3 is an obsolete predecessor to Ethernet

Question 51 of 60 Quiz ID: q51

In the OSI model, which layer is primarily implemented by Ethernet?

Application and Presentation layers

Network and Transport layers

Physical and Data Link layers

Session layer only

Question 52 of 60 Quiz ID: q52

What is a significant limitation of channel partitioning MAC protocols like TDMA and FDMA?

They cannot handle broadcast communications

They require complex synchronization

They allow collisions to occur frequently

They cannot be used with wired networks

Question 53 of 60 Quiz ID: q53

How does the concept of 'collision domain' differ between bus and star Ethernet topologies?

Bus topology has one collision domain for all nodes; star topology has separate collision domains for each node

Star topology has one collision domain for all nodes; bus topology has separate collision domains

Both topologies have the same collision domain characteristics

Collision domains don't exist in Ethernet networks

Question 54 of 60 Quiz ID: q54

What is the primary purpose of the source address field in an Ethernet frame?

To identify where acknowledgments should be sent

To help routers determine the best path for the frame

To allow the recipient to identify who sent the frame

To encrypt the frame contents for security

Question 55 of 60 Quiz ID: q55

Why might CSMA/CA be preferred over CSMA/CD in wireless networks?

CSMA/CA provides higher data rates

Collision detection is difficult in wireless environments

CSMA/CA requires less expensive hardware

CSMA/CD is patented and cannot be used in wireless

Question 56 of 60 Quiz ID: q56

What is a key advantage of random access protocols over channel partitioning protocols?

They provide guaranteed access time for each node

They are more efficient when nodes have bursty traffic

They don't require any coordination between nodes

They eliminate the need for addressing in frames

Question 57 of 60 Quiz ID: q57

How does the maximum cable length affect collision detection in CSMA/CD networks?

Longer cables require higher data rates

Longer cables increase propagation delay, affecting collision detection timing

Cable length has no effect on collision detection

Shorter cables cause more collisions due to signal reflection

Question 58 of 60 Quiz ID: q58

What is the significance of the minimum frame size in Ethernet?

It ensures frames contain enough data to be efficient

It helps prevent undetected collisions in CSMA/CD networks

It matches the maximum packet size of TCP

It is required for compatibility with token ring networks

Question 59 of 60 Quiz ID: q59

How does full-duplex operation change Ethernet's characteristics?

It eliminates the need for MAC addresses

It allows simultaneous transmission and reception, making CSMA/CD unnecessary

It requires a different frame format

It reduces the maximum possible cable length

Question 60 of 60 Quiz ID: q60

Why might a network administrator choose to implement a token passing protocol instead of CSMA/CD?

When deterministic access time is more important than maximum throughput

When the network has only two devices

When the budget for network equipment is very limited

When all devices are manufactured by the same vendor

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