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Question 1 of 60 Quiz ID: q1

What is the primary purpose of twisting the wires in a twisted pair cable?

To increase the cable's tensile strength

To reduce signal interference and crosstalk between pairs

To make the cable more flexible for installation

To improve the cable's resistance to corrosion

Question 2 of 60 Quiz ID: q2

Which characteristic is NOT a common factor for evaluating transmission media?

Cost

Data Rate

Color of the insulation

Transmission impairments

Question 3 of 60 Quiz ID: q3

In a coaxial cable, what is the primary function of the metallic shield?

To carry the electrical signal

To protect the signal from electromagnetic interference (EMI)

To provide structural support to the cable

To increase the data rate of the cable

Question 4 of 60 Quiz ID: q4

What is a key disadvantage of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) compared to Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)?

UTP is more expensive

UTP is harder to install due to its thickness

UTP suffers more from external EM interference

UTP has a lower maximum data rate

Question 5 of 60 Quiz ID: q5

The phenomenon where light travels down a fiber optic cable by bouncing off the boundary between the core and cladding is called:

Refraction

Diffraction

Total Internal Reflection

Modal Dispersion

Question 6 of 60 Quiz ID: q6

What is the main cause of modal dispersion in a step-index multimode optical fiber?

The core diameter is too small

Different light rays take paths of different lengths

The cladding is not reflective enough

The light source is not powerful enough

Question 7 of 60 Quiz ID: q7

How does a graded-index multimode fiber primarily reduce modal dispersion?

By using a laser instead of an LED

By making the core diameter very small

By gradually decreasing the optical density from the center of the core outward

By using a special coating on the cladding

Question 8 of 60 Quiz ID: q8

Which of the following is a significant ADVANTAGE of optical fiber over conductive metal cables?

Lower material cost

Easier to splice and install

Impervious to electrical noise and EMI

Does not require signal conversion

Question 9 of 60 Quiz ID: q9

In wireless transmission, what is the function of a transmitting antenna?

To convert electromagnetic energy into radio frequency electrical energy

To convert radio frequency electrical energy into electromagnetic energy

To amplify the signal before it is transmitted

To filter out noise from the signal

Question 10 of 60 Quiz ID: q10

According to the electromagnetic spectrum chart, which frequency band is typically used for FM radio and UHF/VHF television?

3 kHz - 300 GHz (Radio)

30 MHz - 1 GHz (Broadcast Radio)

2 GHz - 40 GHz (Microwave)

3 x 10^11 - 2 x 10^14 Hz (Infrared)

Question 11 of 60 Quiz ID: q11

What is the defining characteristic of an isotropic antenna?

It is highly directional

It is a theoretical point that radiates power equally in all directions

It uses a parabolic dish to focus energy

It only receives signals and cannot transmit

Question 12 of 60 Quiz ID: q12

Antenna gain is a measure of what property?

The amplification power of the antenna's internal circuitry

The physical size and weight of the antenna

Its directionality compared to an isotropic antenna

Its resistance to environmental damage

Question 13 of 60 Quiz ID: q13

For terrestrial microwave links, what is a critical requirement for the path between antennas?

The path must be submerged in water for less loss

The antennas must be placed underground

There must be a clear line of sight

The path must follow the curvature of the earth

Question 14 of 60 Quiz ID: q14

A satellite that receives a signal at 6 GHz, amplifies it, and retransmits it at 4 GHz is acting as a:

Terminal

Repeater

Modulator

Multiplexer

Question 15 of 60 Quiz ID: q15

Why are satellites often placed in geostationary orbit?

To be closer to Earth for stronger signals

To avoid the Earth's magnetic field

So they remain fixed relative to a point on Earth, simplifying antenna aiming

To reduce the cost of launching them

Question 16 of 60 Quiz ID: q16

What is a major propagation issue for broadcast radio signals in urban environments?

Attenuation from oxygen absorption

Multipath interference caused by reflections

Bending of signals away from the receiver (refraction)

Free space loss over short distances

Question 17 of 60 Quiz ID: q17

A key limitation of using infrared for data communication is:

It requires a license from the government

It can travel long distances through walls

It is limited to line-of-sight or reflection and is blocked by walls

It is highly susceptible to interference from sunlight

Question 18 of 60 Quiz ID: q18

Which propagation method allows high-frequency (2-30 MHz) radio waves to travel beyond the horizon by bouncing off the ionosphere?

Ground Wave

Sky Wave

Line-of-Sight (LOS)

Surface Wave

Question 19 of 60 Quiz ID: q19

For frequencies above 30 MHz, which propagation method is necessary?

Ground Wave

Sky Wave

Line-of-Sight (LOS)

Surface Wave

Question 20 of 60 Quiz ID: q20

Which of the following statements about transmission impairments is CORRECT?

Attenuation affects only guided media, not unguided media

Multipath interference is exclusively a problem in fiber optic cables

Interference from external sources like electric motors can affect both guided and unguided media

The number of receivers connected to a medium has no effect on signal strength in guided media

Question 21 of 60 Quiz ID: q21

What is the primary cause of multipath interference in a mobile radio environment?

The curvature of the Earth

Absorption of signals by the atmosphere

Reflections of the signal from buildings and other obstacles

The high directionality of the antennas used

Question 22 of 60 Quiz ID: q22

Which standards body is primarily responsible for defining LAN, WAN, and Wireless standards like IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) and IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)?

V-Series (CCITT/ITU-T)

X-Series (CCITT/ITU-T)

EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance)

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

Question 23 of 60 Quiz ID: q23

In the context of transmission media, what does 'attenuation' refer to?

The strengthening of a signal as it travels

The loss of signal strength over distance

The interference between two adjacent wires

The conversion of a signal from one form to another

Question 24 of 60 Quiz ID: q24

In a coaxial cable, the 'baseband mode' of operation means:

The entire bandwidth is used for a single data stream

The bandwidth is split into multiple channels for multiple data streams

The cable is used for analog transmission only

The cable is used for digital transmission only

Question 25 of 60 Quiz ID: q25

What is the main reason optical fibers can achieve much higher data rates than copper wires?

Light travels slower than electricity, allowing more data to be packed

They have a much higher bandwidth and are immune to EMI

They are cheaper to manufacture, allowing for more fibers

They use simpler modulation techniques

Question 26 of 60 Quiz ID: q26

The critical angle in optical fibers is defined as the angle of incidence:

Where refraction is at a maximum

Where the refracted ray travels along the core-cladding interface

Where total internal reflection begins to occur

Where the light is completely absorbed by the cladding

Question 27 of 60 Quiz ID: q27

Which type of optical fiber is designed to have only one possible path (mode) for light to travel?

Step-index multimode fiber

Graded-index multimode fiber

Single-mode fiber

Plastic optical fiber

Question 28 of 60 Quiz ID: q28

The 'UHF' band in the electromagnetic spectrum stands for:

Ultra High Frequency

Uniform Harmonic Frequency

Unified Helical Frequency

Universal High Fidelity

Question 29 of 60 Quiz ID: q29

A parabolic reflective antenna is used primarily to:

Radiate energy equally in all directions

Focus a narrow, highly directional beam of energy

Receive signals from all directions simultaneously

Reduce the cost of the antenna system

Question 30 of 60 Quiz ID: q30

What is a significant disadvantage of geostationary (GEO) satellites for applications like voice communication?

They are too close to Earth

They require large, powerful antennas on Earth

The long propagation distance causes high latency

They cannot be used for television broadcast

Question 31 of 60 Quiz ID: q31

The 'EHF' band is also commonly known as:

The millimeter wave band

The long wave band

The microwave band

The infrared band

Question 32 of 60 Quiz ID: q32

Which wireless propagation method relies on currents induced on the Earth's surface to follow its curvature?

Sky Wave

Line-of-Sight (LOS)

Ground Wave

Space Wave

Question 33 of 60 Quiz ID: q33

The main source of loss for a terrestrial microwave signal is:

Multipath interference

Attenuation due to distance and factors like rainfall

Refraction away from the receiver

Interference from the sun

Question 34 of 60 Quiz ID: q34

What does the '802' in IEEE 802.11 refer to?

The year it was founded (1980, February)

The number of working groups in the project

A project number for LAN/MAN standards

The recommended data rate in Mbps

Question 35 of 60 Quiz ID: q35

What is the primary reason that higher frequency signals experience greater free space loss over the same distance compared to lower frequency signals?

Higher frequency signals are more easily absorbed by the atmosphere

The wavelength is shorter, making the antenna less efficient

The effective aperture of a receiving antenna is proportional to wavelength squared

Higher frequencies are more susceptible to multipath interference

Question 36 of 60 Quiz ID: q36

Which of the following is a common cause of interference in transmission media?

The color of the cable jacket

Electric motors, lightning, and other wires

The tensile strength of the conductor

The length of the cable

Question 37 of 60 Quiz ID: q37

What is the primary reason STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) is more expensive and harder to handle than UTP?

It uses gold-plated connectors

It incorporates a protective metal braid or sheathing

It has a much larger core diameter

It requires a special license to use

Question 38 of 60 Quiz ID: q38

The cladding in an optical fiber serves what main purpose?

To carry the light signal over long distances

To provide mechanical strength and protect the core

To have a lower refractive index to contain light in the core via total internal reflection

To convert electrical signals to light signals

Question 39 of 60 Quiz ID: q39

Which frequency range is typically associated with 'microwave' transmission?

30 MHz - 1 GHz

2 GHz - 40 GHz

3 x 10^11 - 2 x 10^14 Hz

300 GHz - 400 THz

Question 40 of 60 Quiz ID: q40

What is the primary function of the ionosphere in sky wave propagation?

To absorb high-frequency signals

To refract (bend) radio waves back towards the Earth

To generate electrical currents for ground waves

To focus signals for line-of-sight communication

Question 41 of 60 Quiz ID: q41

According to the electromagnetic spectrum chart, which application typically uses the VHF (Very High Frequency) band?

AM radio broadcasting

FM radio and television broadcasting

Cellular telephony

Fiber optic communication

Question 42 of 60 Quiz ID: q42

What phenomenon causes light pulses to spread out in an optical fiber, potentially leading to intersymbol interference?

Refraction

Chromatic dispersion

Attenuation

Critical angle effect

Question 43 of 60 Quiz ID: q43

In satellite communications, what is the typical purpose of using different frequencies for uplink and downlink?

To reduce the cost of satellite components

To avoid interference between incoming and outgoing signals

To comply with international regulations

To increase the satellite's processing power

Question 44 of 60 Quiz ID: q44

What is the primary advantage of using LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellites compared to GEO (Geostationary Orbit) satellites?

They require simpler ground equipment

They have lower propagation delay

They provide continuous coverage with fewer satellites

They are less affected by atmospheric conditions

Question 45 of 60 Quiz ID: q45

In wireless communication, what does 'multipath fading' refer to?

The absorption of signals by atmospheric gases

The bending of signals due to atmospheric refraction

The combination of multiple signal paths causing constructive and destructive interference

The loss of signal strength over distance

Question 46 of 60 Quiz ID: q46

What is the main reason infrared communication is generally limited to short-range applications?

Government regulations restrict its power output

Infrared signals are easily absorbed by atmospheric gases

It requires complex modulation techniques

Infrared transmitters are expensive to manufacture

Question 47 of 60 Quiz ID: q47

What characteristic of UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) makes it particularly susceptible to electromagnetic interference?

Its copper conductor material

The lack of metallic shielding

The thickness of its insulation

The twist rate of the pairs

Question 48 of 60 Quiz ID: q48

In fiber optics, what is the relationship between a medium's refractive index and its optical density?

They are inversely proportional

They are unrelated concepts

Higher refractive index indicates higher optical density

Lower refractive index indicates higher optical density

Question 49 of 60 Quiz ID: q49

What is the primary limitation of ground wave propagation for wireless communication?

It only works during daylight hours

It is limited to low and medium frequencies

It requires satellites as relays

It cannot be used over water surfaces

Question 50 of 60 Quiz ID: q50

Why are parabolic antennas particularly suitable for microwave communication?

They can operate without power

They provide high gain and directivity

They are inexpensive to manufacture

They work equally well at all frequencies

Question 51 of 60 Quiz ID: q51

What is the significance of the critical angle in optical fiber communication?

It determines the maximum data rate of the fiber

It defines the minimum angle for total internal reflection

It specifies the manufacturing tolerance for fiber diameter

It indicates the fiber's resistance to bending

Question 52 of 60 Quiz ID: q52

How does atmospheric absorption affect wireless signal propagation?

It increases signal strength over distance

It causes signal distortion through refraction

It selectively attenuates specific frequency bands

It improves signal-to-noise ratio

Question 53 of 60 Quiz ID: q53

What is the primary difference between baseband and broadband transmission in coaxial cables?

Baseband uses digital signaling, while broadband uses analog

Baseband uses the entire bandwidth for one signal, while broadband divides it into channels

Baseband is for short distances, while broadband is for long distances

Baseband requires shielding, while broadband does not

Question 54 of 60 Quiz ID: q54

Why are geostationary satellites spaced at least 3-4 degrees apart in orbit?

To prevent gravitational interference between satellites

To avoid radio frequency interference between adjacent satellites

To ensure continuous coverage of the Earth's surface

To comply with international space treaties

Question 55 of 60 Quiz ID: q55

What makes single-mode fiber capable of higher bandwidth than multimode fiber?

Larger core diameter

Elimination of modal dispersion

Use of special cladding material

Higher refractive index core

Question 56 of 60 Quiz ID: q56

What is the primary cause of attenuation in optical fibers?

Electromagnetic interference

Material impurities and Rayleigh scattering

Modal dispersion

Chromatic dispersion

Question 57 of 60 Quiz ID: q57

Why are microwave frequencies particularly susceptible to rain attenuation?

Rain droplets act as small antennas that absorb microwave energy

Rain changes the atmospheric refractive index dramatically

Microwave signals are reflected by rain clouds

Rain increases atmospheric pressure, affecting signal propagation

Question 58 of 60 Quiz ID: q58

What is the fundamental principle that allows satellites to remain in geostationary orbit?

They use continuous thrusters to maintain position

Their orbital period matches Earth's rotation period

They are located at a point where Earth's and Moon's gravity cancel

They orbit at escape velocity to counteract gravity

Question 59 of 60 Quiz ID: q59

How does the graded-index profile in multimode fiber reduce modal dispersion?

By using a step-change in refractive index at the core-cladding interface

By gradually decreasing refractive index from center to edge of core

By increasing the core diameter to accommodate more modes

By using a special coating that absorbs higher-order modes

Question 60 of 60 Quiz ID: q60

What is the primary technical challenge in implementing widespread terahertz (THz) wireless communication?

Lack of available spectrum in the THz range

Extremely high atmospheric absorption at these frequencies

International regulations prohibiting THz communication

Inability to generate and detect THz signals efficiently

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