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Question 1 of 60 Quiz ID: q1

In the basic structure of the Web, what is the primary function of web clients?

Send web pages when requested by clients

Request pages from servers and display them

Store web pages permanently

Manage database connections

Question 2 of 60 Quiz ID: q2

What do web servers do in the Web architecture?

Display web pages to users

Store user preferences

Send web pages when requested by clients

Create HTML content automatically

Question 3 of 60 Quiz ID: q3

Web pages are primarily written in which markup language?

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language)

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

Question 4 of 60 Quiz ID: q4

What are resources in the context of the Web?

Only HTML files stored on servers

Pieces of information which can be accessed over the web

Database connections

Network protocols only

Question 5 of 60 Quiz ID: q5

What does URL stand for and represent?

Universal Resource Locator - the physical address of a server

Uniform Resource Locator - the name of a resource

Universal Reference Link - a database reference

Uniform Retrieval Language - a query language

Question 6 of 60 Quiz ID: q6

How do hyperlinks contribute to the Web structure?

They only link to pages on the same server

They create a web by linking pages that may contain links to other pages

They are used only for navigation menus

They only work with HTML files

Question 7 of 60 Quiz ID: q7

What protocol do web clients and web servers use to communicate?

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Question 8 of 60 Quiz ID: q8

What communication model does HTTP use?

Peer-to-peer model

Client/server model

Broadcast model

Multicast model

Question 9 of 60 Quiz ID: q9

In the HTTP client/server model, what role does the browser play?

Server that sends resources

Client that requests, receives, and displays Web resources

Router that forwards requests

Database that stores web pages

Question 10 of 60 Quiz ID: q10

Why might a web client make multiple requests to a server for a single web page?

To check for server availability

Because web resources may contain references to other resources like graphics and stylesheets

To establish backup connections

To verify user authentication

Question 11 of 60 Quiz ID: q11

What transport protocol does HTTP use?

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Question 12 of 60 Quiz ID: q12

What are the default ports typically used for HTTP communication?

Port 21 or port 22

Port 25 or port 110

Port 80 or port 443

Port 53 or port 67

Question 13 of 60 Quiz ID: q13

What happens to the TCP connection after HTTP messages are exchanged?

The connection remains open indefinitely

The connection is cached for future use

The TCP connection is closed

The connection is transferred to another server

Question 14 of 60 Quiz ID: q14

What does it mean that HTTP is 'stateless'?

HTTP connections are always secure

The server maintains no information about past client requests

HTTP only works with static content

Clients cannot make multiple requests

Question 15 of 60 Quiz ID: q15

Why are stateless protocols considered advantageous?

They are faster than stateful protocols

They avoid the complexity of maintaining state and handling inconsistencies during crashes

They use less bandwidth

They provide better security

Question 16 of 60 Quiz ID: q16

In the HTTP operation example, what happens in step 1a?

The server forms a response message

The client initiates TCP connection to HTTP server on port 80

The client sends an HTTP request message

The server closes the TCP connection

Question 17 of 60 Quiz ID: q17

What does the HTTP server do after receiving a request message?

Immediately closes the connection

Waits for more requests

Forms response message containing requested resource and sends it

Forwards the request to another server

Question 18 of 60 Quiz ID: q18

If an HTML file contains 10 referenced JPEG resources, what happens in the HTTP operation?

All resources are sent in a single response

Steps 1-5 are repeated for each of the 10 JPEG resources

Only the HTML file is sent

The images are ignored

Question 19 of 60 Quiz ID: q19

How many types of HTTP messages are there?

One type

Two types: Request and Response

Three types: Request, Response, and Acknowledgment

Four types: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE

Question 20 of 60 Quiz ID: q20

What format are HTTP request messages written in?

Binary format

Encrypted format

ASCII (human-readable format)

Compressed format

Question 21 of 60 Quiz ID: q21

In the HTTP request message format, what does the request line contain?

Server information and date

GET, POST, HEAD commands and the resource path

Content type and length

User authentication credentials

Question 22 of 60 Quiz ID: q22

What indicates the end of an HTTP request message?

A closing tag

A carriage return and line feed

A special termination character

The TCP connection closure

Question 23 of 60 Quiz ID: q23

Which HTTP method is used to upload a file to a server?

GET

POST

PUT

HEAD

Question 24 of 60 Quiz ID: q24

What does the HTTP DELETE method do?

Deletes cookies from the browser

Deletes the TCP connection

Deletes file specified in the URL field

Deletes the browser cache

Question 25 of 60 Quiz ID: q25

What does the status line in an HTTP response message contain?

Request method and URL

Protocol version, status code, and status phrase

Content type and length only

Server name and date only

Question 26 of 60 Quiz ID: q26

What does HTTP status code 200 OK indicate?

Request failed due to server error

Resource has moved permanently

Request succeeded, requested resource follows in message

Request was malformed

Question 27 of 60 Quiz ID: q27

What does HTTP status code 301 indicate?

Request succeeded

Moved Permanently - resource moved, new location specified

Bad request format

Server internal error

Question 28 of 60 Quiz ID: q28

What does HTTP status code 404 indicate?

Request succeeded

Server temporarily unavailable

Not Found - requested document not found on server

Authentication required

Question 29 of 60 Quiz ID: q29

What does HTTP status code 400 indicate?

Request succeeded

Bad Request - request message not understood by server

Resource moved permanently

Server overloaded

Question 30 of 60 Quiz ID: q30

How can you manually test HTTP communication using command line tools?

Using ping command

Using telnet to connect to port 80 and send GET requests

Using traceroute command

Using netstat command

Question 31 of 60 Quiz ID: q31

In the manual HTTP test example, what command opens a connection to www.mrt.ac.lk?

http www.mrt.ac.lk 80

connect www.mrt.ac.lk:80

telnet www.mrt.ac.lk 80

wget www.mrt.ac.lk

Question 32 of 60 Quiz ID: q32

When uploading data to a website using the POST method, where is the input data placed?

In the URL field of the request line

In the header lines

In the entity body of the request

In a separate TCP connection

Question 33 of 60 Quiz ID: q33

When using the URL method for uploading data, where is the input placed?

In the entity body

In the URL field of the request line

In the response headers

In a cookie

Question 34 of 60 Quiz ID: q34

What is the purpose of cookies in HTTP?

To encrypt data transmission

To introduce 'state' into HTTP communication

To compress web pages

To authenticate servers

Question 35 of 60 Quiz ID: q35

How many components make up the cookie mechanism?

Two components

Three components

Four components

Five components

Question 36 of 60 Quiz ID: q36

What happens when a user visits an e-commerce site for the first time in terms of cookies?

No action is taken

The site creates a unique ID and database entry for that ID

The user is redirected to a login page

The connection is terminated

Question 37 of 60 Quiz ID: q37

Which of the following is NOT a typical use of cookies?

Authorization

Shopping carts

Data encryption

User session state

Question 38 of 60 Quiz ID: q38

What privacy concern is associated with cookies?

They slow down internet connections

They permit sites to learn about users and enable tracking across sites

They consume too much storage space

They make websites less secure

Question 39 of 60 Quiz ID: q39

What is web caching?

A method to encrypt web pages

Storing copies of recently accessed web pages for faster delivery

A way to compress web content

A security mechanism for websites

Question 40 of 60 Quiz ID: q40

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of web caching?

Shorter response time

Reduced bandwidth requirement

Increased server processing power

Reduced load on servers

Question 41 of 60 Quiz ID: q41

What is the goal of conditional GET in client-side caching?

To always download fresh content

To avoid sending resource if client has up-to-date cached version

To compress the response data

To authenticate the client

Question 42 of 60 Quiz ID: q42

In conditional GET, what header does the client use to specify the date of its cached copy?

Cache-Control: <date>

Last-Modified: <date>

If-modified-since: <date>

Expires: <date>

Question 43 of 60 Quiz ID: q43

What HTTP status code does the server return when a cached resource is still up-to-date?

HTTP/1.0 200 OK

HTTP/1.0 301 Moved

HTTP/1.0 304 Not Modified

HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found

Question 44 of 60 Quiz ID: q44

What is the purpose of the Accept-Language header?

To specify supported file formats

To indicate browser capabilities

To specify preferred natural languages in order

To set character encoding

Question 45 of 60 Quiz ID: q45

How does a web server use the Accept-Language header?

To determine the browser type

To send the page in the highest preferred language available

To set the server's language

To compress content appropriately

Question 46 of 60 Quiz ID: q46

What is the main security problem with regular HTTP?

Slow connection speeds

Limited functionality

Data is sent in plain text and can be read by anyone with network access

Too many features

Question 47 of 60 Quiz ID: q47

What does HTTPS provide that regular HTTP does not?

Faster data transmission

Data encryption and authentication

Better caching capabilities

Support for more file types

Question 48 of 60 Quiz ID: q48

How can users identify that they are using HTTPS?

The URL starts with 'secure://'

The page loads faster

A padlock or similar icon appears in the browser

The page has a different background color

Question 49 of 60 Quiz ID: q49

What characterized early websites in terms of interactivity?

They were highly interactive

They were mostly static - you could view them but not change them

They required user registration

They were only available to certain users

Question 50 of 60 Quiz ID: q50

What does 'Web 2.0' or 'read-write web' refer to?

A new version of HTTP

Interactive websites that can be modified by users

Websites that require special software

Government-controlled websites

Question 51 of 60 Quiz ID: q51

Which of the following is an example of a popular search engine mentioned in the lecture?

Facebook

Gmail

Google

DropBox

Question 52 of 60 Quiz ID: q52

What makes search engines significant for web users?

They provide email services

They allow us to find almost anything from anywhere

They store personal files

They provide social networking

Question 53 of 60 Quiz ID: q53

Which of the following is NOT listed as a popular interactive website in the lecture?

Gmail

Facebook

Wikipedia

Amazon

Question 54 of 60 Quiz ID: q54

What type of application is described as the most popular on the Internet?

Email applications

File transfer applications

Web applications

Database applications

Question 55 of 60 Quiz ID: q55

According to the lecture, what should students do regarding HTTP knowledge?

Learn only the basics

Focus on other protocols instead

Study HTTP in detail and become an expert

Avoid HTTP complexity

Question 56 of 60 Quiz ID: q56

What important web technology was NOT covered in this particular lecture?

HTTP protocol details

Cookie mechanisms

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

Web caching

Question 57 of 60 Quiz ID: q57

In HTTP communication, what role does TCP play?

It formats HTTP messages

It provides the reliable transport layer for HTTP messages

It creates web pages

It manages cookies

Question 58 of 60 Quiz ID: q58

What is the relationship between web pages and resources?

Web pages and resources are the same thing

Web pages consist of text and other resources

Resources cannot be part of web pages

Web pages only contain text, never resources

Question 59 of 60 Quiz ID: q59

Why might wireless networks be particularly vulnerable to HTTP security issues?

They have slower speeds

They are more likely to have network access by unauthorized parties who can read plain text

They don't support HTTPS

They have limited bandwidth

Question 60 of 60 Quiz ID: q60

What happens when a web page is considered 'completely rendered'?

When the HTML file is downloaded

When the TCP connection is established

When all referenced resources have been retrieved

When the first image is loaded

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