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Question 1 of 60 Quiz ID: q1

Which layer is responsible for path selection and routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, and BGP?

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Application Layer

Data Link Layer

Question 2 of 60 Quiz ID: q2

What is the size of an IP address?

16-bit identifier

24-bit identifier

32-bit identifier

64-bit identifier

Question 3 of 60 Quiz ID: q3

In dotted decimal notation, what does the IP address 223.1.7.4 represent in binary?

11011111 00000001 00000111 00000100

11011111 00000001 00000111 00000010

10011111 00000001 00000111 00000100

11011111 00000010 00000111 00000100

Question 4 of 60 Quiz ID: q4

What is an interface in the context of IP addressing?

A software program that manages network connections

The connection between host/router and physical link

A protocol for data transmission

A type of network cable

Question 5 of 60 Quiz ID: q5

In IP addressing, hosts with the same network part of IP address are considered to be:

On different networks requiring a router

On the same network and can reach each other without going through a router

Using different protocols

Having connection problems

Question 6 of 60 Quiz ID: q6

In IP addressing structure, what are the two main parts of an IP address?

Source part and destination part

Network part (high order bits) and host part (low order bits)

Protocol part and data part

Header part and payload part

Question 7 of 60 Quiz ID: q7

For a network with 10 network bits, how many host bits are available?

20 bits

22 bits

24 bits

26 bits

Question 8 of 60 Quiz ID: q8

What relationship exists between network size and bit allocation?

Small networks have more bits for host part

Large networks have more bits for network part

Small networks have less bits for host part and more bits for network part

Network size doesn't affect bit allocation

Question 9 of 60 Quiz ID: q9

In the network example showing three networks (223.1.1.xx, 223.1.2.xx, 223.1.3.xx), how many bits are used for the network part?

16 bits

20 bits

24 bits

28 bits

Question 10 of 60 Quiz ID: q10

In routing algorithms, what do graph nodes represent?

Physical links

Routers

Data packets

Network protocols

Question 11 of 60 Quiz ID: q11

What can link cost represent in routing algorithms?

Only financial cost

Only physical distance

Delay, financial cost, or congestion level

Only bandwidth

Question 12 of 60 Quiz ID: q12

What is the primary goal of routing protocols?

To encrypt data packets

To determine good path (sequence of routers) through network from source to destination

To compress network traffic

To manage network security

Question 13 of 60 Quiz ID: q13

In Global routing, what information does a router have?

Only information about directly connected neighbors

Complete topology and link cost information

Only source and destination addresses

Only protocol information

Question 14 of 60 Quiz ID: q14

What characterizes Local routing?

Router has complete network topology

Router knows physically-connected neighbors and link costs to neighbors

Router stores all possible paths

Router only handles local traffic

Question 15 of 60 Quiz ID: q15

What is the difference between Static and Dynamic routing?

Static uses more memory than Dynamic

Static routes change slowly over time, Dynamic routes change more quickly

Static is faster than Dynamic

Static is more secure than Dynamic

Question 16 of 60 Quiz ID: q16

In static routing, what does 'Direct' mean in the Next Hop column?

The network requires multiple hops

The network is directly connected to the router

The route is fastest

The route is most secure

Question 17 of 60 Quiz ID: q17

What is the main characteristic of Dynamic (adaptive) Routing?

Routes never change

Intermediate stations exchange routing information periodically

Only works with static networks

Requires manual configuration

Question 18 of 60 Quiz ID: q18

Dynamic routing decisions can be based on which factors?

Only link speed

Only cost

Link speed-delay, congestion-error rate, cost-policy

Only physical distance

Question 19 of 60 Quiz ID: q19

In routing, distance can be defined by which of the following?

Only number of hops

Number of hops, physical distance, delay, bandwidth (inverse), communication cost

Only physical distance

Only delay

Question 20 of 60 Quiz ID: q20

Which routing mechanism calculates the shortest path between pairs of nodes?

Flooding

Distance Vector Routing

Shortest Path Routing

Broadcast Routing

Question 21 of 60 Quiz ID: q21

What does Flooding routing mechanism do?

Calculates shortest paths

Sends packets on all unused links

Keeps track of link states

Maintains distance tables

Question 22 of 60 Quiz ID: q22

What does Distance Vector Routing maintain?

Complete network topology

Table of distances to each destination

All possible paths

Link state information

Question 23 of 60 Quiz ID: q23

What does Link State Routing keep track of?

Distance vectors

The state of each link

All broadcast messages

Only shortest paths

Question 24 of 60 Quiz ID: q24

How can a router find paths to all other routers when directly connected to only a few?

By storing all possible paths locally

By exchanging information with neighbors, who exchange info with their neighbors

By broadcasting to all networks

By using only static routes

Question 25 of 60 Quiz ID: q25

In Distance Vector Routing, what does each node keep?

Complete network map

List of the 'shortest distance' to every other node and the best way to reach it

Only direct connections

All possible routes

Question 26 of 60 Quiz ID: q26

What information does a distance table provide?

Only direct costs

Cost to destination via different intermediate nodes

Physical distances only

Security information

Question 27 of 60 Quiz ID: q27

How is a routing table derived from a distance table?

By copying all entries

By selecting the minimum cost path to each destination and the corresponding outgoing link

By averaging all costs

By selecting random paths

Question 28 of 60 Quiz ID: q28

In Link-State Routing, what does each router initially do?

Broadcasts to all networks

Finds out information about directly connected links

Copies neighbor's routing table

Selects random paths

Question 29 of 60 Quiz ID: q29

After gathering link information, what does a router do in Link-State Routing?

Keeps the information secret

Sends this information to neighbors

Only stores it locally

Discards the information

Question 30 of 60 Quiz ID: q30

What happens when each node has complete link information in Link-State Routing?

The algorithm stops

Each node computes best path to every other node

Nodes start over

Information is deleted

Question 31 of 60 Quiz ID: q31

Where does the Transport Layer primarily operate?

In routers throughout the network

In the end stations

In network cables

In switches only

Question 32 of 60 Quiz ID: q32

What is a primary objective of the transport layer?

To provide physical connectivity

To provide end-to-end delivery of data

To manage network hardware

To encrypt all communications

Question 33 of 60 Quiz ID: q33

How does the Transport Layer help upper layers?

By providing faster connections

By shielding upper layers from the peculiarities of the network

By encrypting data

By providing more bandwidth

Question 34 of 60 Quiz ID: q34

Which functions does the Transport Layer handle?

Only data encryption

Fragmentation, multiplexing, inverse multiplexing, type of service

Only routing

Only physical connections

Question 35 of 60 Quiz ID: q35

What connection management functions does the Transport Layer provide?

Only establishing connections

Managing multiple connections, establishing and deleting connections, naming, flow control

Only physical connections

Only wireless connections

Question 36 of 60 Quiz ID: q36

What are the main types of Transport service?

Only reliable services

Connection-oriented, Connectionless, Reliable, Not reliable, Multicast

Only connection-oriented services

Only unicast services

Question 37 of 60 Quiz ID: q37

What are the characteristics of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)?

Connectionless and unreliable

Connection-oriented, reliable, unicast

Only multicast

Connectionless but reliable

Question 38 of 60 Quiz ID: q38

What are the characteristics of UDP (Unreliable Datagram Protocol)?

Connection-oriented and reliable

Connectionless, unacknowledged (at TP layer), Unicast/Multicast

Only reliable unicast

Connection-oriented multicast

Question 39 of 60 Quiz ID: q39

Why does UDP exist alongside TCP?

UDP is more reliable

No connection establishment, simple with no connection state, small segment header, no congestion control

UDP is more secure

UDP is faster for all applications

Question 40 of 60 Quiz ID: q40

Why are Internet applications important?

They make networks faster

Without applications, Internet (or any other network) would be useless

They provide security

They reduce costs

Question 41 of 60 Quiz ID: q41

Which layer do Internet applications communicate with directly?

Physical Layer

Transport layer (TCP or UDP)

Network Layer

Data Link Layer

Question 42 of 60 Quiz ID: q42

How is the Application Layer defined in Internet architecture?

As hardware specifications

As a protocol where both sides must implement the protocol

As physical connections

As security measures

Question 43 of 60 Quiz ID: q43

What is the general operational model for Internet applications?

Peer-to-peer only

Client-server model

Broadcast model

Ring topology model

Question 44 of 60 Quiz ID: q44

What is expected of servers in client-server operation?

Servers can be turned off anytime

Servers should be always on, generally sit in a data centre or on the cloud

Servers only work during business hours

Servers are temporary

Question 45 of 60 Quiz ID: q45

What typically represents clients in client-server operation?

Only servers

PCs, phones, mobile devices, sometimes other servers

Only desktop computers

Only mobile devices

Question 46 of 60 Quiz ID: q46

Which protocols are used for E-mail?

Only HTTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Post Office Protocol (POP), Interactive Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)

Only FTP

Only DNS

Question 47 of 60 Quiz ID: q47

What are the main file transfer protocols mentioned?

Only HTTP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and BitTorrent

Only SMTP

Only DNS

Question 48 of 60 Quiz ID: q48

What protocol is used for web communication?

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Domain Name Service (DNS)

Question 49 of 60 Quiz ID: q49

Which protocols are mentioned for remote login?

Only HTTP

Telnet, rlogin, Secure Shell (SSH)

Only FTP

Only SMTP

Question 50 of 60 Quiz ID: q50

What are some remote graphics protocols mentioned?

Only HTTP

X Window System, Microsoft Remote Desktop, VNC

Only FTP

Only Telnet

Question 51 of 60 Quiz ID: q51

Which protocols are used for remote file systems?

HTTP and FTP

Sun Network File System (NFS) and SMB/CIFS

SMTP and POP

DNS and HTTP

Question 52 of 60 Quiz ID: q52

What protocol is used for network management?

HTTP

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

FTP

SMTP

Question 53 of 60 Quiz ID: q53

Which protocols are mentioned for voice and teleconferencing?

HTTP and FTP

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and H.323

SMTP and DNS

TCP and UDP

Question 54 of 60 Quiz ID: q54

What is the general format of many Internet protocols?

Binary commands only

Client-Server with Command/Response, text commands, numeric responses

Encrypted messages only

Graphics-based interfaces

Question 55 of 60 Quiz ID: q55

What type of data exchange do many protocols use and why?

Full duplex for speed

Half duplex data exchange

Simplex for security

Multiplex for efficiency

Question 56 of 60 Quiz ID: q56

What format do protocol commands and responses typically use?

Binary encoded messages

ASCII text commands and responses

Hexadecimal codes

Compressed formats

Question 57 of 60 Quiz ID: q57

In the SMTP protocol example, what does the server response '250 2.1.0' indicate?

Error in transmission

Successful acknowledgment (Sender ok, Recipient ok)

Connection terminated

Authentication required

Question 58 of 60 Quiz ID: q58

What are the main topics covered in this lecture on networking?

Only physical layer protocols

Internet working, IP addressing, Routing principles, Transport Layer, Applications Layer

Only wireless communications

Only network security

Question 59 of 60 Quiz ID: q59

What is the relationship between network layer operation and transport layer operation?

They operate in the same locations

Network layer operates mostly inside the network (routers), Transport layer operates in end stations

They are identical in function

They cannot work together

Question 60 of 60 Quiz ID: q60

What can the transport layer provide that improves upon the network layer service?

Faster routing

More reliable service than the network service

Better physical connections

Lower costs only

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